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European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus) — Osmeridae

European smelt

Osmerus eperlanus
Family: Osmeridae
LC · Least Concern

The European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus) is a fish that lives in both fresh and salt water of the family Osmeridae that grows up to 45 cm.

Length
45 cm
Water
Euryhaline
Diet
Carnivore
Behaviour
Schooling
Activity
Crepuscular
Body shape
Elongated (eel-like)
Substrate
Open water
Danger
Harmless
Edibility
Commonly eaten

Description

The European smelt is a slender, salmon-like fish of the family Osmeridae reaching about 45 cm but usually much smaller. The translucent silvery body has a greenish back, an adipose fin between the dorsal and tail fins and a fairly large mouth with small, sharp teeth. Notably, freshly caught smelt smell strongly of cucumber. The species lives in schools in coastal waters and river mouths of north-western Europe; some populations are landlocked in lakes and stay in fresh water year-round. It hunts small zooplankton, shrimps and young fish. In spring the smelt runs up rivers in large schools to spawn. In the past it was caught in great quantities and eaten fried.

Frequently asked questions

How do you recognise the European smelt?

The European smelt has an elongate, eel-like body, is mainly silver-grey and shows a plain pattern.

Where does the European smelt live?

The European smelt lives in both fresh and salt water and is mostly found around open water.

How big does the European smelt get?

The European smelt grows to a maximum of about 45 cm. On average the species is around 17 cm.

Is the European smelt dangerous to humans?

No, the European smelt is harmless to humans.

Is the European smelt edible?

Yes, the European smelt is commonly eaten.

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All data

Identification

Dutch name
Spiering sourced
English name
European smelt verified
Scientific name
Osmerus eperlanus
Family
Osmeridae
Other names
European smelt; Lake dwarf smelt verified

Appearance

Size class
Large verified
Max length (cm)
45.0 verified
Average length (cm)
16.5 verified
Body shape
Elongated (eel-like) sourced
Dominant colour
Silver / grey sourced
Pattern
Plain sourced
Tail shape
Forked inferred
Mouth position
Terminal inferred
Lips
Thin inferred
Barbels
No verified
Dorsal fins
One continuous sourced
Dorsal spines
No verified

Habitat & distribution

Water type
Euryhaline sourced
Substrate
Open water sourced
Origin
Native verified

Behaviour & biology

Diet
Carnivore verified
Social behaviour
Schooling verified
Territorial
No verified
Activity
Crepuscular inferred
Reproduction
Separate sexes verified
Sexual dimorphism
No verified
levensduur_max_jaar
10.0 verified

For anglers

Edibility
Commonly eaten verified
Fishing method
Sportvissen met kunstaas of (dood/levend) aasvis door te trollen, te werpen of drijvend te vissen in open water. inferred
Regulations source
FishBase ↗ inferred

Safety

Danger to humans
Harmless sourced

Status & sources

Sources
FishBase via GBIF (DwC-A), CC-BY-NC 4.0

Same genus Osmerus

More from the family Osmeridae

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