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Flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) — Mugilidae

Flathead grey mullet

Mugil cephalus
Family: Mugilidae
LC · Least Concern
NativeIntroduced

The Flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) is a fish that lives in both fresh and salt water of the family Mugilidae that grows up to 100 cm.

Length
100 cm
Water
Euryhaline
Depth
0–120 m
Diet
Omnivore
Behaviour
Schooling
Activity
Diurnal
Body shape
Torpedo-shaped
Substrate
Mixed bottom
Danger
Harmless
Range
Cosmopolitan in coastal waters of tropical, subtropical and temperate seas worldwide.
Edibility
Commonly eaten

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Description

The flathead grey mullet is a stout, cylindrical marine fish of the family Mugilidae that can reach about 100 cm. It has a flattened head, a well-developed adipose eyelid and silvery-grey flanks marked with faint longitudinal stripes. There are two separate dorsal fins, the first bearing spines. The species occurs cosmopolitanly in coastal, brackish and fresh waters of tropical to temperate seas and is catadromous, spawning at sea. Adults feed on detritus, micro-algae and bottom organisms, which they grind in a specialised gizzard-like stomach. Flathead grey mullet form schools over sand and mud bottoms and are an important commercial and aquaculture fish.

Frequently asked questions

How do you recognise the Flathead grey mullet?

The Flathead grey mullet has a torpedo-shaped body, is mainly silver-grey and shows a horizontal stripes pattern. Sturdy, cylindrical body with a flattened head, a well-developed adipose eyelid and a thin upper lip; flanks with pale longitudinal stripes.

Where does the Flathead grey mullet live?

The Flathead grey mullet lives in both fresh and salt water and is mostly found around mixed bottom. Cosmopolitan in coastal waters of tropical, subtropical and temperate seas worldwide.

How big does the Flathead grey mullet get?

The Flathead grey mullet grows to a maximum of about 100 cm. On average the species is around 50 cm.

Is the Flathead grey mullet dangerous to humans?

No, the Flathead grey mullet is harmless to humans. None required: this species is harmless to humans.

Is the Flathead grey mullet edible?

Yes, the Flathead grey mullet is commonly eaten.

More photos

Flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) — Mugilidae — 2
iNaturalist ((c) jasonrl, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC))
Flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) — Mugilidae — 3
Wikimedia Commons — Mark Robinson (CC BY 2.0)
Flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) — Mugilidae — 4
iNaturalist ((c) Leo G. Nico, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC))
Flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) — Mugilidae — 5
Wikimedia Commons — Utagawa Hiroshige (Public domain)

Easily confused with

These species look like the Flathead grey mullet and live in the same waters.

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All data

Identification

English name
Flathead grey mullet verified
Scientific name
Mugil cephalus
Family
Mugilidae
Other names
Black mullet; Black true mullet; Bright mullet; Bully; Bully mullet; Flathead grey mullet; Grey mullet; Flathead mullet; Striped mullet; Sea mullet; Mullet; Callifaver mullet verified

Appearance

Size class
Extra large verified
Max length (cm)
100 verified
Average length (cm)
50 verified
Body shape
Torpedo-shaped sourced
Dominant colour
Silver / grey sourced
Pattern
Horizontal stripes sourced
Tail shape
Forked sourced
Mouth position
Terminal
Lips
Thick / fleshy
Barbels
No verified
Dorsal fins
Two separate sourced
Dorsal spines
Yes verified

Habitat & distribution

Water type
Euryhaline sourced
Substrate
Mixed bottom sourced
Min depth (m)
0 verified
Max depth (m)
120 verified
Natural range
Cosmopolitan in coastal waters of tropical, subtropical and temperate seas worldwide. verified
Origin
Native verified

Behaviour & biology

Diet
Omnivore verified
Diet (detail)
Omnivorous: small invertebrates, algae, detritus and plant material
Social behaviour
Schooling verified
Territorial
No verified
Activity
Diurnal sourced
Reproduction
Separate sexes verified
Sexual dimorphism
No verified
Max. age (years)
16 verified
Seasonality
Catadromous: spawns seasonally at sea, with females laying hundreds of thousands to millions of eggs. sourced
Special features
Sturdy, cylindrical body with a flattened head, a well-developed adipose eyelid and a thin upper lip; flanks with pale longitudinal stripes. sourced

For anglers

Edibility
Commonly eaten verified
Fishing method
Bottom fishing with natural bait (worm, shrimp or fish) on or just above the seabed.
Regulations source

Safety

Danger to humans
Harmless sourced
First aid
None required: this species is harmless to humans. sourced

Status & sources

Sources
FishBase via GBIF (DwC-A), CC-BY-NC 4.0

Same genus Mugil

More from the family Mugilidae

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