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Sampa (Heterobranchus longifilis) — Clariidae

Sampa

Heterobranchus longifilis
Family: Clariidae
LC · Least Concern

The Sampa (Heterobranchus longifilis) is a freshwater fish of the family Clariidae that grows up to 150 cm.

Length
150 cm
Water
Freshwater
Depth
10.0–? m
Diet
Carnivore
Behaviour
Solitary
Activity
Nocturnal
Body shape
Elongated (eel-like)
Substrate
Sand / mud bottom
Danger
Can cause injury
Edibility
Highly prized

Description

The vundu or sampa is a large, eel-like air-breathing catfish of the family Clariidae reaching about 1.5 metres and one of the largest freshwater fish of Africa. The elongate, scaleless body has four pairs of barbels around the broad mouth, a long dorsal fin followed by a conspicuously large adipose fin, and stout spines in the pectoral and dorsal fins. Like related Clariidae it has a tree-shaped accessory breathing organ above the gills with which it survives in oxygen-poor water. The species comes from much of Africa and lives on soft bottoms of rivers, lakes and swamps. As a nocturnal predator it eats fish, crustaceans, insects, molluscs and carrion. It is an important aquaculture fish and a hard-fighting sport fish.

Frequently asked questions

How do you recognise the Sampa?

The Sampa has an elongate, eel-like body, is mainly brown and shows a plain pattern.

Where does the Sampa live?

The Sampa lives in fresh water and is mostly found around sand or mud bottom.

How big does the Sampa get?

The Sampa grows to a maximum of about 150 cm.

Is the Sampa dangerous to humans?

The Sampa can cause injury; handle it with care.

Is the Sampa edible?

Yes, the Sampa is a highly prized food fish.

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All data

Identification

Dutch name
Vundu-meerval inferred
English name
Sampa verified
Scientific name
Heterobranchus longifilis
Family
Clariidae
Other names
Sampa; Vundu verified

Appearance

Size class
Extra large verified
Max length (cm)
150.0 verified
Body shape
Elongated (eel-like) sourced
Dominant colour
Brown sourced
Pattern
Plain sourced
Tail shape
Rounded inferred
Mouth position
Terminal inferred
Lips
Thick / fleshy inferred
Barbels
Yes verified
Dorsal fins
Two separate sourced
Dorsal spines
Yes verified

Habitat & distribution

Water type
Freshwater verified
Substrate
Sand / mud bottom verified
Min depth (m)
10.0 verified
Origin
Native verified

Behaviour & biology

Diet
Carnivore verified
Social behaviour
Solitary verified
Territorial
No verified
Activity
Nocturnal inferred
Reproduction
Separate sexes verified
Sexual dimorphism
No verified

For anglers

Edibility
Highly prized verified
Fishing method
Bodemvissen met een aasvis, lever of een stukje vis, vooral 's nachts; een krachtige, hard vechtende sport- en kweekvis sourced
Regulations source
FishBase ↗ inferred

Safety

Danger to humans
Can cause injury verified

Status & sources

Sources
FishBase via GBIF (DwC-A), CC-BY-NC 4.0

Same genus Heterobranchus

More from the family Clariidae

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