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Smooth butterfly ray (Gymnura micrura) — Gymnuridae

Smooth butterfly ray

Gymnura micrura
Family: Gymnuridae
NT · Near Threatened

The Smooth butterfly ray (Gymnura micrura) is a saltwater fish of the family Gymnuridae that grows up to 137 cm.

Length
137 cm
Water
Saltwater
Depth
0–55.0 m
Diet
Carnivore
Behaviour
Solitary
Activity
Nocturnal
Body shape
Flat / disc-shaped
Substrate
Sand / mud bottom
Danger
Harmless
Edibility
Rarely eaten

Description

The smooth butterfly ray is a ray of the family Gymnuridae (butterfly rays) reaching a wingspan of about 1.4 metres. The diamond-shaped body is very broad and wing-like — much wider than long — making the ray resemble a butterfly; the upper side is brown and mottled. Unlike many other rays the smooth butterfly ray has a strikingly short, thin tail without a venomous spine, which makes it harmless. The species lives over sand bottoms of shallow coastal water, lagoons and estuaries of the western and eastern Atlantic and tolerates brackish water. By day it lies half-buried in the sand; it hunts small fish, crustaceans and molluscs. It is ovoviviparous; through bycatch it is assessed as Near Threatened (NT).

Frequently asked questions

How do you recognise the Smooth butterfly ray?

The Smooth butterfly ray has a flattened, disc-shaped body, is mainly brown and shows a marbled pattern.

Where does the Smooth butterfly ray live?

The Smooth butterfly ray lives in the sea (marine waters) and is mostly found around sand or mud bottom.

How big does the Smooth butterfly ray get?

The Smooth butterfly ray grows to a maximum of about 137 cm. On average the species is around 90 cm.

Is the Smooth butterfly ray dangerous to humans?

No, the Smooth butterfly ray is harmless to humans.

Is the Smooth butterfly ray edible?

The Smooth butterfly ray is rarely eaten.

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All data

Identification

Dutch name
Gladde vlinderrog verified
English name
Smooth butterfly ray verified
Scientific name
Gymnura micrura
Family
Gymnuridae
Other names
Butterfly ray; Diamond skate; Lesser butterfly ray; Short-tailed butterfly ray verified

Appearance

Size class
Extra large verified
Max length (cm)
137.0 verified
Average length (cm)
90.0 verified
Body shape
Flat / disc-shaped verified
Dominant colour
Brown sourced
Pattern
Marbled sourced
Tail shape
Straight inferred
Mouth position
Inferior (downward) inferred
Lips
Thin inferred
Barbels
No verified
Dorsal fins
One continuous sourced
Dorsal spines
No verified

Habitat & distribution

Water type
Saltwater verified
Substrate
Sand / mud bottom verified
Max depth (m)
55.0 verified
Origin
Native verified

Behaviour & biology

Diet
Carnivore verified
Social behaviour
Solitary verified
Territorial
No verified
Activity
Nocturnal inferred
Reproduction
Separate sexes verified
Sexual dimorphism
No verified

For anglers

Edibility
Rarely eaten verified
Fishing method
Bodemvissen met natuurlijk aas (worm, garnaal of vis) op of vlak boven de bodem. inferred
Regulations source
FishBase ↗ inferred

Safety

Danger to humans
Harmless verified

Status & sources

Sources
FishBase via GBIF (DwC-A), CC-BY-NC 4.0

Same genus Gymnura

More from the family Gymnuridae

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