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Rainbow darter (Etheostoma caeruleum) — Percidae

Rainbow darter

Etheostoma caeruleum
Family: Percidae
LC · Least Concern

The Rainbow darter (Etheostoma caeruleum) is a freshwater fish of the family Percidae that grows up to 8 cm.

Length
7.7 cm
Water
Freshwater
Diet
Carnivore
Behaviour
Small groups
Activity
Diurnal
Body shape
Elongated (eel-like)
Substrate
Stone or rock
Danger
Harmless
Edibility
Not eaten

Description

The rainbow darter is a small bottom perch of the family Percidae reaching about 8 cm. In the breeding season the male is one of the most vivid freshwater fish of North America, with alternating bright blue and orange crossbars over head, flank and fins; the female stays a plain brown. Like other darters it lacks a well-developed swim bladder and 'hops' in short bursts over the bottom of clear, fast-flowing streams and rivers with gravel in central and eastern North America. On the bottom it hunts insect larvae, small crustaceans and fish eggs. In spring it spawns in the gravel. It is sensitive to pollution and serves as an indicator of clean water.

Frequently asked questions

How do you recognise the Rainbow darter?

The Rainbow darter has an elongate, eel-like body, is mainly blue and shows a vertical stripes pattern.

Where does the Rainbow darter live?

The Rainbow darter lives in fresh water and is mostly found around stony or rocky ground.

How big does the Rainbow darter get?

The Rainbow darter grows to a maximum of about 8 cm. On average the species is around 5 cm.

Is the Rainbow darter dangerous to humans?

No, the Rainbow darter is harmless to humans.

Is the Rainbow darter edible?

The Rainbow darter is not usually eaten.

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All data

Identification

Dutch name
Regenboogdarter inferred
English name
Rainbow darter verified
Scientific name
Etheostoma caeruleum
Family
Percidae
Other names
Rainbow darter verified

Appearance

Size class
Small verified
Max length (cm)
7.7 verified
Average length (cm)
5.2 verified
Body shape
Elongated (eel-like) sourced
Dominant colour
Blue sourced
Pattern
Vertical bars sourced
Tail shape
Straight inferred
Mouth position
Terminal inferred
Lips
Thin inferred
Barbels
No verified
Dorsal fins
Two separate sourced
Dorsal spines
Yes verified

Habitat & distribution

Water type
Freshwater verified
Substrate
Stone or rock verified
Origin
Native verified

Behaviour & biology

Diet
Carnivore verified
Social behaviour
Small groups verified
Territorial
Yes verified
Activity
Diurnal inferred
Reproduction
Separate sexes verified
Sexual dimorphism
Yes verified
levensduur_max_jaar
3.0 verified

For anglers

Edibility
Not eaten verified
Fishing method
Geen doelsoort voor de hengelsport; hooguit incidentele vangst of bruikbaar als aasvisje. inferred
Regulations source
FishBase ↗ inferred

Safety

Danger to humans
Harmless verified

Status & sources

Sources
FishBase via GBIF (DwC-A), CC-BY-NC 4.0

Same genus Etheostoma

More from the family Percidae

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