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Smoothhead catfish (Clarias liocephalus) — Clariidae

Smoothhead catfish

Clarias liocephalus
Family: Clariidae
LC · Least Concern

The Smoothhead catfish (Clarias liocephalus) is a freshwater fish of the family Clariidae that grows up to 32 cm.

Length
32 cm
Water
Freshwater
Diet
Omnivore
Behaviour
Solitary
Activity
Nocturnal
Body shape
Elongated (eel-like)
Substrate
Sand / mud bottom
Danger
Can cause injury
Edibility
Commonly eaten

Description

The smoothhead catfish is an eel-like air-breathing catfish of the family Clariidae reaching about 32 cm. The elongate, scaleless body has four pairs of barbels around the broad mouth and a very long dorsal and anal fin; the head is smooth, without pronounced ridges. Like other Clarias species it has a tree-shaped accessory breathing organ above the gills with which it can breathe air, allowing it to survive in oxygen-poor swamp and seepage water and even crawl over moist ground. The species comes from eastern and central Africa and occurs even in mountain streams. As an omnivore it eats insects, worms, crustaceans, small fish and plant matter. It is a valued food fish, with stout, serrated pectoral spines.

Frequently asked questions

How do you recognise the Smoothhead catfish?

The Smoothhead catfish has an elongate, eel-like body, is mainly brown and shows a plain pattern.

Where does the Smoothhead catfish live?

The Smoothhead catfish lives in fresh water and is mostly found around sand or mud bottom.

How big does the Smoothhead catfish get?

The Smoothhead catfish grows to a maximum of about 32 cm.

Is the Smoothhead catfish dangerous to humans?

The Smoothhead catfish can cause injury; handle it with care.

Is the Smoothhead catfish edible?

Yes, the Smoothhead catfish is commonly eaten.

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All data

Identification

Dutch name
Gladkop-meerval inferred
English name
Smoothhead catfish verified
Scientific name
Clarias liocephalus
Family
Clariidae
Other names
Smoothhead catfish; Smooth-head catfish verified

Appearance

Size class
Medium verified
Max length (cm)
32.0 verified
Body shape
Elongated (eel-like) sourced
Dominant colour
Brown sourced
Pattern
Plain sourced
Tail shape
Rounded inferred
Mouth position
Terminal inferred
Lips
Thick / fleshy inferred
Barbels
Yes verified
Dorsal fins
One continuous sourced
Dorsal spines
Yes verified

Habitat & distribution

Water type
Freshwater verified
Substrate
Sand / mud bottom verified
Origin
Native verified

Behaviour & biology

Diet
Omnivore verified
Social behaviour
Solitary verified
Territorial
No verified
Activity
Nocturnal inferred
Reproduction
Separate sexes verified
Sexual dimorphism
No verified

For anglers

Edibility
Commonly eaten verified
Fishing method
Bodemvissen met natuurlijk aas (worm, garnaal of vis) op of vlak boven de bodem. inferred
Regulations source
FishBase ↗ inferred

Safety

Danger to humans
Can cause injury verified

Status & sources

Sources
FishBase via GBIF (DwC-A), CC-BY-NC 4.0

Same genus Clarias

More from the family Clariidae

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