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Suckermouth catfish (Hypostomus plecostomus) — Loricariidae

Suckermouth catfish

Hypostomus plecostomus
Family: Loricariidae
LC · Least Concern

The Suckermouth catfish (Hypostomus plecostomus) is a freshwater fish of the family Loricariidae that grows up to 50 cm.

Length
50 cm
Water
Freshwater
Diet
Omnivore
Behaviour
Solitary
Activity
Nocturnal
Body shape
Elongated (eel-like)
Substrate
Sand / mud bottom
Danger
Harmless
Edibility
Not eaten

Description

The suckermouth catfish, the aquarium 'pleco', is a South American armoured catfish that can reach about 50 cm. The body is covered with bony plates and bears a large, fan-shaped dorsal fin and stout spines in the pectoral fins. On the underside of the flattened head is a large sucker mouth with rasping teeth, with which it scrapes algae, plant matter and detritus from stones and wood, and also cleans aquarium glass. Native to north-eastern South America, it has become locally invasive in warm waters worldwide as a released aquarium fish. It is active at night and, thanks to intestinal air-breathing, can survive briefly out of water.

Frequently asked questions

How do you recognise the Suckermouth catfish?

The Suckermouth catfish has an elongate, eel-like body, is mainly brown and shows a spots pattern.

Where does the Suckermouth catfish live?

The Suckermouth catfish lives in fresh water and is mostly found around sand or mud bottom.

How big does the Suckermouth catfish get?

The Suckermouth catfish grows to a maximum of about 50 cm. On average the species is around 28 cm.

Is the Suckermouth catfish dangerous to humans?

No, the Suckermouth catfish is harmless to humans.

Is the Suckermouth catfish edible?

The Suckermouth catfish is not usually eaten.

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All data

Identification

Dutch name
Harnasmeerval inferred
English name
Suckermouth catfish verified
Scientific name
Hypostomus plecostomus
Family
Loricariidae
Other names
Plecostomus; Sea hasar; Spotted pleco; Suckermouth catfish verified

Appearance

Size class
Medium verified
Max length (cm)
50 verified
Average length (cm)
28.0 verified
Body shape
Elongated (eel-like) sourced
Dominant colour
Brown sourced
Pattern
Spots sourced
Tail shape
Forked inferred
Mouth position
Inferior (downward) inferred
Lips
Thick / fleshy inferred
Barbels
Yes verified
Dorsal fins
One continuous sourced
Dorsal spines
Yes verified

Habitat & distribution

Water type
Freshwater verified
Substrate
Sand / mud bottom sourced
Origin
Non-native (invasive) verified

Behaviour & biology

Diet
Omnivore verified
Social behaviour
Solitary verified
Territorial
Yes verified
Activity
Nocturnal inferred
Reproduction
Separate sexes verified
Sexual dimorphism
No verified

For anglers

Edibility
Not eaten verified
Fishing method
Bodemvissen met natuurlijk aas (worm, garnaal of vis) op of vlak boven de bodem. inferred
Regulations source
FishBase ↗ inferred

Safety

Danger to humans
Harmless verified

Status & sources

Sources
FishBase via GBIF (DwC-A), CC-BY-NC 4.0

Same genus Hypostomus

More from the family Loricariidae

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