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Hardhead sea catfish (Ariopsis felis) — Ariidae

Hardhead sea catfish

Ariopsis felis
Family: Ariidae
LC · Least Concern

The Hardhead sea catfish (Ariopsis felis) is a fish that lives in both fresh and salt water of the family Ariidae that grows up to 70 cm.

Length
70 cm
Water
Euryhaline
Diet
Carnivore
Behaviour
Schooling
Activity
Nocturnal
Body shape
Elongated (eel-like)
Substrate
Sand / mud bottom
Danger
Venomous / poisonous
Edibility
Rarely eaten

Description

The hardhead sea catfish is a marine catfish of the family Ariidae reaching about 70 cm. The silvery-grey, scaleless body has two pairs of barbels around the inferior mouth and strong, serrated spines in the dorsal and pectoral fins, with venom at the base; a prick is very painful. The species lives over soft bottoms of coastal water and estuaries along the east coast of the USA and the Gulf of Mexico and tolerates strongly varying salinities. On the bottom it searches, mainly at night, for crabs, shrimps, crustaceans, worms and small fish. Like other sea catfishes it is a mouthbrooder: the male carries the large, marble-sized eggs and young in its mouth. It is often caught as unwanted bycatch; handle with care because of the venomous spines.

Frequently asked questions

How do you recognise the Hardhead sea catfish?

The Hardhead sea catfish has an elongate, eel-like body, is mainly silver-grey and shows a plain pattern.

Where does the Hardhead sea catfish live?

The Hardhead sea catfish lives in both fresh and salt water and is mostly found around sand or mud bottom.

How big does the Hardhead sea catfish get?

The Hardhead sea catfish grows to a maximum of about 70 cm. On average the species is around 25 cm.

Is the Hardhead sea catfish dangerous to humans?

The Hardhead sea catfish is venomous — handle spines with care and seek medical help after a sting if needed.

Is the Hardhead sea catfish edible?

The Hardhead sea catfish is rarely eaten.

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All data

Identification

Dutch name
Hardkop-zeemeerval inferred
English name
Hardhead sea catfish verified
Scientific name
Ariopsis felis
Family
Ariidae
Other names
Hardhead catfish; Hardhead sea catfish; Sea catfish verified

Appearance

Size class
Large verified
Max length (cm)
70.0 verified
Average length (cm)
25.0 verified
Body shape
Elongated (eel-like) sourced
Dominant colour
Silver / grey sourced
Pattern
Plain sourced
Tail shape
Forked inferred
Mouth position
Inferior (downward) inferred
Lips
Thick / fleshy inferred
Barbels
Yes verified
Dorsal fins
Two separate sourced
Dorsal spines
Yes verified

Habitat & distribution

Water type
Euryhaline verified
Substrate
Sand / mud bottom verified
Origin
Native verified

Behaviour & biology

Diet
Carnivore verified
Social behaviour
Schooling verified
Territorial
No verified
Activity
Nocturnal inferred
Reproduction
Separate sexes verified
Sexual dimorphism
No verified

For anglers

Edibility
Rarely eaten verified
Fishing method
Bodemvissen met garnaal of een stukje vis in estuaria en branding; vaak ongewenste bijvangst (pas op de giftige stekels) sourced
Regulations source
FishBase ↗ inferred

Safety

Danger to humans
Venomous / poisonous verified

Status & sources

Sources
FishBase via GBIF (DwC-A), CC-BY-NC 4.0

Same genus Ariopsis

More from the family Ariidae

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